Design Thinking & Innovation
Empathy Map
Put yourself in a user's shoes: what they say, think, do and feel, and what that means for your product.
- Time: 30 to 45 min
- With: Product team with research notes at hand
- You get: A shared picture of one user and 3 to 5 insights
How to use this worksheet
- Base the map on real research: interviews, support tickets, observation. Mark guesses as guesses.
- Fill Says and Does first: they are observable. Then infer Thinks and Feels from them.
- Look for contradictions, such as what people say versus what they do. Those gaps are where insights live.
- Close with insights and pain points, then turn each into a "how might we" question.
What does the user say out loud? Use direct quotes.
Prompts and example
Ask yourself
- Which exact phrases keep coming up?
- What do they ask for?
Example
- "I do not have time to learn another tool." - "Can you just send me the report?" - "Where is the export button?"
What might they be thinking but not saying?
Prompts and example
Ask yourself
- What worries them?
- What do they hope for?
- What do they not want to admit?
Example
- Will this really save me time? - If this breaks, I will be blamed - Others seem to understand this faster than I do
What do they actually do? Observable behaviour.
Prompts and example
Ask yourself
- What workarounds do they use?
- Where do they hesitate or give up?
Example
- Keeps a private spreadsheet as backup - Exports to Excel before every meeting - Asks a colleague instead of reading help
What emotions do they experience?
Prompts and example
Ask yourself
- When are they frustrated or proud?
- What would delight them?
Example
- Anxious about making mistakes in front of the team - Relieved when the numbers match - Annoyed by pop-ups and surprises
What patterns do you see? Which needs are not being met?
Prompts and example
Ask yourself
- Where do Says and Does disagree?
- Which pain would, if solved, change the most for them?
- Which "how might we" question follows?
Example
Insight: she wants speed, but her spreadsheet backup shows she does not trust the numbers. Pain: no way to verify a result at a glance. HMW: How might we show where a number comes from?
Before you finish
- Statements come from research, and guesses are labelled.
- At least one insight comes from a contradiction, not from a single box.
- Each insight can be turned into a design question.
About empathy maps
The empathy map was popularised by Dave Gray (XPLANE) and is widely used in design thinking to align a team around one user before solving problems for them.
It is a starting point, not a substitute for research. Update it whenever you learn something that does not fit.
Recommended reading
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- Design Thinking ToolkitIDEO & d.school Stanford
Comprehensive guide to empathy mapping and user research techniques in design thinking.
- Observing the User ExperienceElizabeth Goodman, Mike Kuniavsky, Andrea Moed
A practical guide to user research methods including empathy mapping and user understanding.
- The Field Guide to Human-Centered DesignIDEO.org
Free guide with practical tools for understanding users and building empathy.